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Child poverty affects around 285,000 children in New Zealand, as reported by the Child Poverty Action Group (Aotearoa New Zealand) (CPAG).〔Dale, M Claire, O’Brien, Mike, and St John, Susan, "Left Further Behind: How Policies Fail the Poorest Children in New Zealand" (Child Poverty Action Group, Auckland NZ, 2011) (), 3.〕〔(Child Poverty Monitor )〕 The Ministry of Social Development (New Zealand) recognises that: For New Zealand, children in poverty lack material things enjoyed by other children, which results in their social exclusion and alienation. As a country which wishes each citizen’s maximum potential productivity, more is expected than merely providing the essentials.〔St John, Susan, "Child Poverty and family incomes policy in New Zealand" in Dew, Kevin and Matheson, Anna, ''Understanding Health Inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand'' (Otago University Press, Dunedin NZ, 2008), 111〕 The needs child poverty advocates are most concerned with are children’s safety and security, providing them with nutritious food, somewhere warm and dry to live, and giving them love and social contact so that they are provided with a sense of value.〔Wynd, Donna, "Benefit Sanctions: Creating an invisible Underclass of Children?" (Child Poverty Action Group, Auckland, October 2013) (), 16.〕 Consequences of child poverty in New Zealand include: poor health, such as lower rates of immunisation, higher rates of avoidable child mortality, infant mortality, low birth weight, and child injury; reduced participation in early childhood education, and young people leaving school with no or low qualifications; as well as higher rates of youth suicide, teenage imprisonment, and the victimisation of children.〔Breen, Claire, "Chapter 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of New Zealand Children: The Challenges of Poverty and Discrimination" in Bedggood, Margaret, and Gledhill, Kris (ed) ''Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand'' (Thomas Reuters, Auckland NZ, 2011), 206.〕 Ideas challenging child poverty in New Zealand, including child-centred legislation, child specific representation in the decision making process, and creating a Minister for Children in New Zealand, have been purported as viable solutions to child poverty issues.〔Dale, M Claire, O’Brien, Mike, and St John, Susan, "Left Further Behind: How Policies Fail the Poorest Children in New Zealand" (Child Poverty Action Group, Auckland NZ, 2011), 8-9 ()〕 Professor Marie Johansson, from Karolinska Children’s Hospital in Sweden, after spending time working in Wellington, said that New Zealand needs to address child poverty as, ==Background== The evolution of child poverty in New Zealand is associated with the Rogernomics of 1984, the benefit cuts of 1991 and Ruth Richardson’s "mother of all budgets", the child tax credit, the rise of housing costs, low-wage employment, and social hazards, both legal and illegal (i.e. alcoholism, drug addictions, and gambling addictions).〔St John, Susan, "Child Poverty and family incomes policy in New Zealand" in Dew, Kevin and Matheson, Anna, ''Understanding Health Inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand'' (Otago University Press, Dunedin NZ, 2008), 108.〕 In 2004 26% of children were reported as living in serious or significant hardship, while at the same time only 4% of over-65 year olds were.〔Ministry of Social Development, "New Zealand Living Standards, 2004" (Ministry of Social Development, Wellington, 2006) ()〕 The Working for Families (WFF) gave financial support to lower-middle income "working families with children", and saw child poverty fall from 28% in 2006 to 22% in 2007, and then again to 19% in 2008.〔Dale, M Claire, O’Brien, Mike, and St John, Susan, "Left Further Behind: How Policies Fail the Poorest Children in New Zealand" (Child Poverty Action Group, Auckland NZ, 2011) (), 18〕 However the poorest families were not being reached, and, Child Poverty Action Group argued, were being discriminated from obtaining a benefit which was "rightfully theirs."〔Joychild, Frances (QC), "Child Poverty Action Group v Attorney General – what did we gain?" (Child Poverty Action Group Inc, Auckland NZ, 2014) (), 1〕 In June 2011, while $9 billion was spent on the New Zealand superannuation fund, $1.7 billion was spent on the Domestic Purposes Benefit, which supports most of 235,000 children in poverty, as well as their parents and caregivers.〔Dale, M Claire, O’Brien, Mike, and St John, Susan, "Left Further Behind: How Policies Fail the Poorest Children in New Zealand" (Child Poverty Action Group, Auckland NZ, 2011) (), 22〕 The 2013 Budget offered small amounts of extra social policy spending, relevant to children’s wellbeing, such as: The 2014 budget will be announced on 15 May 2014.〔(The Treasury (New Zealand) "Budget 2014" (5 May 2014) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Child poverty in New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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